Bacteria Growth and Glucose Percentages Free Essays

Bacteria’s Growth Affected by Various Glucose Percentages This lab tried whether diverse glucose levels initiated microscopic organisms development. My lab gathering and I needed to make sense of, if more glucose was spread on the microorganisms plates, would there be more microscopic organisms development in the agar plate. My gathering anticipated that with 25% glucose (the most noteworthy level of glucose), the microbes development would be the best. We will compose a custom article test on Microorganisms Growth and Glucose Percentages or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now So as to direct this analysis, my gathering had 3 ager plates. One plate had 0% glucose, the following plate had 5% glucose and the third plate had 25% glucose in it. When we got all the plates, we light a liquor burner. We at that point utilized a pipet to clean gather microscopic organisms from the way of life tubes. We at that point opened the first ager plate (0% glucose) and moved 10 drops of microorganisms culture onto the plate. At that point we did likewise for the following 2 plates (5% and 25% glucose). Next, we disinfected the spreader by waving it in the fire (liquor burner) for 15 seconds. At that point, we let the spreader cool for 10 seconds, and afterward opened the main agar plate and spread the microscopic organisms around the plate by rapidly and somewhat sliding the spreader to and fro over the plate for 5 seconds. At that point we shut the plate and did likewise for the following 2 plates. Next, we fixed each plate with a segment of Para film and afterward positioned the plates with microbes on the room until the next week. In the wake of holding up seven days, we got our group’s ager plates back. We saw that with our test, the most measure of microorganisms development had no glucose in it. Our outcomes were the accompanying: with no glucose, there was 25% microorganisms development, with 5% glucose added to the ager plates, there was just 15% microbes development, and with 25% glucose added to the ager plates, just 1% of microscopic organisms development was available. Minimal measure of microorganisms development contained the biggest level of glucose. Dependent on our group’s results, we can dismiss our speculation. We understood that our expectation was not what our outcomes indicated us. Our forecast was that 25% glucose would have the most measure of microbes development, anyway we would now be able to presume that microscopic organisms development needn't bother with any glucose to replicate. Truth be told, the more glucose there is, minimal measure of microscopic organisms development happens. On the off chance that glucose is available in the microscopic organisms, it is workable for microbes to repeat; anyway microorganisms will duplicate the best when no glucose is available by any stretch of the imagination. Instructions to refer to Bacteria Growth and Glucose Percentages, Papers

Weight Loss & Weight Maintenance-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Compose a report on Weight Loss Weight Maintenance. Answer: Presentation Review of the theme The subject, Weight misfortune weight support is one of the most looked into and considered theme in both pragmatic and scholastic segment. With the undesirable dietary patterns and quick utilization of the inexpensive food, people from youth to the grown-ups are experiencing corpulence and other related maladies. What's more, to control the expanding arte of the individual experiencing stoutness, there is high accentuation drove upon the acts of weight reduction and weight support (Curioni and Lourenco, 2005). Target advertise The objective market chose for the report is the youths as on account of progress culture and propensities for the people of the general public. The youths are confronting the most extreme issues of weight. Along these lines, they are the essential objective market for this report (Faulkner, Soundy and Lloyd, 2003). Opportunity proclamation The open door proclamation is that in light of the high spotlight on weight decrease and weight support, there are different open doors for the business which are enjoyed wellbeing and wellness. The wellbeing and wellness industry offer opportunities to little business people to open exercise centers, yoga classes and different wellness related focus. Writing audit and structure Review of writing In the different examinations, inquires about and scholastic information, it has been contended that one of the significant reasons for extreme medical issue and passings is the abundance weight or elevated level of heftiness among the people. The abundance of weight is the purpose for advancement of the various ceaseless maladies that includes malignant growth, diabetes and heart sicknesses (Zheng, et al., 2015). Yet, the presentation of the few get-healthy plans and the weight the board methods has decreased the odds of happening incessant sicknesses in the people. A little weight reduction and ordinary physical exercises have helped in lessening the issues of stoutness just as other medical issues. No country can yet proceed as a general wellbeing worldview for the abatement in corpulence. All the countries are as yet scanning for the appropriate responses that in what way there ought to be inversion of the up flooding tide of youth and grown-up stoutness (Burke, Wang and Sevick, 2011). The creators have underscored on the focuses that a definitive objective of the weight decrease ought not be on simply getting in shape yet additionally on different perspectives, for example, finding the different instruments that can bolster in the upkeep of the solid ways of life for whole lifetime so the issue identified with stoutness and other related constant sicknesses doesn't reoccur in future once the people have finished with their weight reduction or weight support programs. The way of life adjustment is considered as one of the foundation of weight the board and weight reduction for the large grown-ups and the overweight youngsters. A portion of the creators have bolstered the tasks and the working of the different heath and the wellness places by talking about the advantages the general public is getting a direct result of these wellness communities (VanWormer, et al., 2008). Then again, contending the examination of the creators, it is referenced by the creator s that in the underlying stage for example for a cycle a half year the people free great measure of weight by joining these wellness and gyms however they regularly end up with a comparative or expanded weight once they left these wellbeing and wellness clubs. In this manner, there key accentuation is on the customary physical exercises other than these wellness fixates just as on the way of life adjustment to have viable measure of weight decrease (Singh, et al., 2008). There are various creators who have recognized those people looking for weight the board projects and get-healthy plans stay a lot more joyful as a result of the standard physical exercise just as having a reasonable load in examination with the individuals who are large and are not enjoyed any sort of wellness and wellbeing exercises. In this manner, from the general point of view the creators have a blended view in respects in with the weight the executives and get-healthy plans that they are some way or another p rofiting the general public just as making them relied on these wellness places (Flodmark, Marcus and Britton, 2006). Hypothetical point of view To examine the open door in the accompanying report, there will be taken utilization of one of the persuasive hypothesis for example Self assurance hypothesis. The hypothesis is all around perceived as the SDT hypothesis of inspiration. It is the full scale hypothesis of character and the human inspiration which is identified with the mental needs and the inalienable achievement propensities of the people (Fortier, et al., 2012). It is identified with the inspiration which is their behind the decisions made by the people. These decisions and choices are with no outer derivation just as impact. The focal point of the hypothesis of self assurance is on the conduct of the people which is simply the explanation assurance and self-inspiration. There are different sorts of sparks which rouses an individual to do a specific undertaking. On account of these inalienable sparks the people get decided (Teixeira, et al., 2012). The explanation for choosing this SDT hypothesis is that in the weight reduction and weight support practice, the key factor is the inalienable inspiration of the people. On the off chance that the fat individuals won't act naturally decided just as self inspired to do physical exercises then they won't ready to decrease their weight just as will likewise avoid all the weight upkeep and weight the board programs. In this manner, there is an immediate connection between the hypothesis of self assurance and the weight the executives and weight reduction rehearses. Since when the people will have the assurance to carry on with a sound and healthy lifestyle with satisfactory body weight then just they will rehearses the weight the executives and weight reduction exercises (Teixeira, et al., 2012). Showcasing methodologies Showcasing Strategy 1 The main advertising methodology is e-wellbeing mediations by Government and different wellbeing associations. In this procedure, the different wellbeing associations and the Government meet up to stir up some dust against the issue of weight and guarantee that the majority carries on with a sound way of life. In this different sends just as pamphlets are sent to open for going to different battles and different occasions identified with wellbeing and wellness. There are additionally offered wellbeing outlines and diet designs by the establishments top the individuals through sends and instant messages so the people can follow these dietary measures without anyone else (Kay and Singh, 2006). There is a connection of this technique with the hypothesis of self assurance as when the Government and wellbeing instates will make the people mindful about the different medical problems which are the aftereffect of weight. The people will act naturally spurred to enjoy weight reduction and we ight the board programs in light of the innate dread that they may likewise face such medical problems (Teixeira, et al., 2012). There are different points of interest just as inconveniences of this methodology. The points of interest related are that individuals will know about the occasions and camps with the goal that they can have support in that just as will be inspired to have weight reduction and weight the executives. The disservice is that these sends and messages will be sent to all the people who have enrolled portable numbers regardless of the information about their wellbeing. Therefore, the individuals who are as of now fit and have a steady and sound way of life will likewise be getting the messages with no need. Showcasing Strategy 2 The second showcasing procedure is that the different Gyms, gyms, wellness focuses, yoga focuses can lessen their costs just as offer different limits and bundles with the goal that progressively number of individuals can join these clubs and wellbeing focuses. With such offers and diminished costs, individuals will enlist themselves and can have a customary physical action which can help them in keeping up and dealing with their weight. The different wellness communities can offer exceptional bundles for the couples just as the youths that can build up their enthusiasm for joining these wellness habitats (Gortmaker, et al., 2011). There is an immediate connection of this methodology with the hypothesis of self assurance as there are number of large individuals who don't join proposals gyms or wellness focuses in view of the fiscal viewpoint as they would prefer not to spend significantly more cash on these penny res. In this manner, on the off chance that there will be limited proce dure and different offers, at that point it will rouse the people to join these wellness communities. The inalienable inspiration of getting profited in exceptionally less procedure will build up their advantage and help them in dealing with their weight (Teixeira, et al., 2012). There are different points of interest just as hindrances of this procedure. The points of interest related are that the individuals who were limited from fiscal angle can likewise join these wellness places and deal with their weight however the drawback is that once the offer is finished or finished they won't proceed with which will have turn around sway on their wellbeing as they are simply persuaded in light of the squat costs. Showcasing Strategy 3 The third procedure is that there must be obligatory meetings of physical action in the different establishments and the instructive associations. The best issue has been perceived in the adolescents. Therefore, the associations and the organizations can have a tie up with different wellness communities and can have an obligatory meeting where the understudy need to entertain themselves with physical preparing so they can normally have physical exercise and deal with their expanding weight and wellbeing (Khan, et al., 2009). There is an immediate connection of this system with the hypothesis of self assurance as though there will b e built up a propensity for standard exercise and physical exercises at the beginning period then it will build up an enthusiasm of these youths to continue with the equivalent. This will rouse the

How to Make a Good Sales Pitch in Seven Steps

How to Make a Good Sales Pitch in Seven Steps Creating a perfect and effective sales pitch might prove to be a difficult task. This is due to the fact that while creating a sales pitch, you dont just hurl information at your customer the way a baseball player pitches a baseball at a batter.If you want to create an effective sales pitch, you have to walk a two-way street â€" a conversation where you ask real questions after listening to the buyer, and then offer them a solution to the problems they are faced with.A good sales pitch is key to making sales.It is no secret that if you have a bad sales pitch, it will be very difficult to make good sales. Your sales pitch should not only be appealing, but it should also make your product or service distinct from the others.An excellent sales pitch creates a great first impression.Therefore, sales professionals spend much time working hard to create a perfect pitch that is memorable and delivers positive initial impact.If you want a presentation that incites interest rather than yawns, one that holds captive the attention of your audience for a very long time and finally wins them over, you have to be adequately prepared with relevant buyer information, and a captivating pitch that makes the buyer become actively in the discussion.Although creating a sales pitch sounds simple, you have to consciously put some effort into creating an effective one while working hard not to stray from the script.The art of creating captivating sales pitches is one that is perfected over time. With constant practice, you will be able to create many captivating and mesmerizing sales pitch.Here are seven tips to get you on your way to a more effective sales pitch.1. DO YOUR RESEARCHYou are not likely to make many sales if you prepare your sales pitch using general knowledge.As already mentioned, a sales pitch is not just about tossing information at the buyer anymore. The importance of crafting a pitch that specifically addresses the situations of your client cannot be overemphasized. Before you can make a perfect pitch, you must adequately understand your customer.This all boils down to the fact that you have to carry out extensive research on your customer so that you can increase your chances of closing deals.Research has shown that about 80% of salespeople are not usually aligned with the needs of their buyer. The focus is not on you during a sales conversation it has to be on the buyer.It is not about why you like a product, but how the product can help the buyer.After you have carried out your research, you are able to sell the value of your product and not the price.Hammer home the value of your product because value always beat price.Before presenting your pitch to the buyer, you should conduct a thorough research on their industry, their company and also competitors and find out if youre speaking with the decision maker of their company.When you first make contact with them, ensure you ask the right questions that can help you tailor your message to addr ess the specific needs of your buyer and ease the deal to the next step.If you are able to research well into your buyer, you will be able to easily eliminate unnecessary noise and distractions, and keep your buyer engaged. Let them know you understand their business by delivering a specific message that highlights the features of your product which matters to them the most.With adequate research, youll be able to deliver a different sales pitch every time you meet a new company.This can’t be emphasized enough. If you always come in with a story from only your angle, will it be any wonder why it doesn’t resonate with your audience?Also, try to back up your claims with facts and statistics. In a survey conducted by Dimension Research, 90% of respondents claimed that their buying decisions were influenced by reading positive online reviews.Armed with this knowledge, your pitch should contain compelling facts and statistics that back up your claims.Be sure to include case studies a nd testimonials which contain figures and statistics to prove that your product or service has shown to be successful over the years. If you claim you can solve your buyer’s main problems, prove it with facts.According to Jane Porter in Entrepreneur, there are some bases you have to cover prior to pitching.Your amazing concept will not get the attention of investors without your ability to demonstrate that you possess the level of business acumen necessary to structure and propel an idea to success.2. KEEP YOUR INTRODUCTION CLEAR AND CONCISEThe length of your pitch is as important as the content of the entire pitch. A pitch that is too long will cause your buyer to lose interest and fail to read on.People are not ready to read or listen to long recitations about yourself, your achievements, history about your company and so on.Therefore, it is wise not to begin your sales pitch this way.Information about you and your company is readily available online and your prospect will most probably have gone through it already.However, writing your pitch to the perfect length will spark and maintain the buyers interest right through to the end. It is okay to keep your introduction brief then move on quickly to the more engaging juicy stuff in your pitch.In order to keep your sales pitch short, you should follow the rules of thumb by creating half of what you think will be needed for a 15-minute presentation.If your audience finds it interesting and captivating enough, they will ask for more. It is better to arouse the curiosity of your clients and have them beg for more than to over-deliver, bore them out, and put them to sleep.Be strict with your word count so that you can avoid information overload. You have to find the perfect hook, something that will make them find the pitch interesting, something that appeals to them and will make them keep on reading or listening.If you plan to send your sales pitch via email, you need to be able to craft the perfect subject li ne.Your opening sentence or subject line should be able to capture your buyers attention.Your introduction makes a lot of difference and will determine if your client will keep on reading, or simply dismiss your pitch altogether.Many people communicate, but very few connect.Your hook needs to communicate the story of your business while also establishing a connection with the buyers needs. Getting these two aspects right will help you successfully engage your customer and convince them to continue reading your pitch.You need to be as clear as day and employ the use of simple, easy to understand language. It is super easy to be blind to your own jargon because they make perfect sense to you.However, since youll be dealing with both expert and non-expert customers, you may have to use simple language that your non-expert customers will find very easy to translate.If you want to be sure about how easy your sales pitch is to understand, you can test your sales pitch on someone at home o r on your friends who are not experts.They can help you pinpoint the jargon you need to replace with plain English.Short and sweet does the trick. What is worse than your pitch getting ignored by your prospect because it is simply too long and complex? 3. DO THE LISTENINGLet the buyer do most of the talking.Although this might sound pretty strange after all the long hours youve put into the preparation of your sales pitch, it is as important as the sales pitch itself.Let the buyer talk.That you feel you have covered every base does not mean that you know everything.Dont be so overzealous or overconfident that you just keep on rattling on from your script. If your sales pitch will be good and effective, it is high time you put your script down, open-mindedly go into the pitch, focus on the buyer, and let the buyer do most of the talking.When you deliver your pitch, take the time to listen your buyer, give insightful responses to their questions or objections, and follow-up with thoug htful questions.This step is important because it helps you to have a perfect understanding of your clients business needs and therefore ultimately help you to close the deal. Active listening backed up with asking the right questions, can go a long way in helping you adjust your sales message, and shape it to one that sounds really attractive to the buyer.Try to understand the goals they have and the hurdles they have to overcome and build your conversation around this, focusing on how your products can meet their needs. It is very important to give a listening ear to your prospective clients.Dont think about another deal when in a conversation with a prospective client. Practice active listening.Active listening proves that youre putting the buyer’s needs first. Your sales pitch should be more of a healthy conversation than a mere business presentation. This will make both parties feel good at the end of the talk. Remember, this can only happen if you keep your ears open. 4. SOL VE REAL PROBLEMSOnce your buyer has become convinced to continue listening to you or reading your pitch, you need to then show how you can help them.A prior conversation with the buyer makes it easier for you to be aware of the issues which your buyer faces, and will be help you highlight which of their problems your product or service can solve.When you write your pitch, make sure you directly address the issues that your buyer faces. Focus on whats new or different in your product or service and explain how your product or service can help them fix these problems. If you tackle their problems head-on, your customers will feel that you have genuinely listened to them by taking their needs into account and providing a solution.This is the best way to prove the brilliance and uniqueness of what you have to offer. Once you have enchanted your buyer, it becomes easier to sell to them. A enchanted sale is different from a simple sale because with enchantment, you showed to have the othe r persons best interest at heart.It’s no news that a customer will give attention and respond to products or services that solve a current problem. A successful sales pitch must, therefore, acknowledge that problem and provide a solution.Let each sales pitch speak directly to the unique challenges of the business you’re pitching.Hone your messages on the features of the product that your customer will most benefit from.You need to go all out to ensure that your potential customers see how your product provides essential solutions to their major problem.5. TELL A STORY TO CREATE A CONNECTIONSuccess in sales is almost always all about connecting with the prospective buyer. And to establish a connection, you could tell a story.Have you ever told a story in your sales pitch?Everyone likes to hear some sort of story that they can connect to. In your next sales pitch, try telling the story of your brand.Remember, short and sweet does the trick.Telling the story of your brand and produ ct can make your sales pitch successfully enchant the customer.However, to create a stronger connection between you and your customers, storytelling has to be effectively done. Buyers will only be able to connect if they can relate to your brand on a personal level.The more connection they feel, the more reason they feel they have to buy from you. Storytelling is not just some off-the-head idea and has actually been scientifically proven to boost sales.Neuro-linguistic programming has shown that all humans run 99% subconsciously and 1% consciously. Stories can create such strong connecting because they allow the subconscious mind (99%) of the prospect to see the valuable application of the solutions your product or service claim to solve.This is made possible because when you pair the stories of your brand and product with facts and figures, you can ignite the desire in people to want to know more.6. RESPECTFULLY ADDRESS OBJECTIONSLearn to get ahead of potential problems. Since ever y product has some shortfalls, you should anticipate reservations that your prospective buyer may have and address them proactively.While reviewing your sales pitch, be sure that the pitch addresses potential sales objections that may come up during the presentation.Objections and questions from the buyer will reveal new grounds to cover in your next sales pitch because even after your thorough research and your answers to a customers problem, there might be some grounds that you have failed to cover. A salesperson will most likely encounter sales objections within these four buckets: Budget, Authority, Need, and Time (popularly known as BANT).Be absolutely prepared to discuss and answer objections from each of these areas. Although you may not have a detailed response to all four, be prepared to discuss each. The key here is that you offer a valuable reply to your buyer.You have to discover if your target audience already has a product that is similar to yours. If you have knowledg e of your competition, you will have to highlight the distinctive features that differentiate your product from the competition.For example, if from your research you discover that your buyer has a low budget, you can talk about how much money your product can save them.After several face-to-face meetings, you’ll be able to fully hone your objection-response based on the feedback you receive during those meetings.However, before amassing such knowledge and experiences, you can handle objections by leveraging customer and product research.7. ASK FOR THE SALEYoure a salesperson and your major goal is to close deals and make sales.Although it is crucial to listen to your buyer, you should not just pack up after delivering your pitch, shrug your shoulders and wait expectantly for the customer to make the next move.It is astounding to know that 85% of the time, a salesperson ends an interaction with a prospect without ever asking for the sale! Yes, you read that correctly, 85%! Before any sales pitch can be complete, there has to be a call to action that will help your buyer make a decision.If the customer is not ready to make a decision on the sale yet, keep the prospect on the journey by adequately following-up the prospect with a meeting or a trial period.The customer shouldnt call the shots. It is not wise to wait for the customer to make the call to action. If you fail to be proactive, it could result in losing the contract. It is your duty to give your buyer clear instructions on what they need to do next. What do they have to do next?Of course, they have to order for your product or service! Tell them if they have to click on a link to your website, or place a call to your company Immediately.Don’t be shy to ask for the sale, you are a salesperson! You’ve come this far, why stop now?Whatever action you expect your client to take, ensure it is clear with a well-written call to action.CONCLUSIONCongratulations! If you have read this through, you will hav e discovered how to make an excellent sales pitch, so never give an under-prepared presentation.Keep your pitch clear youll have your buyers attention. Repeatedly review and trim excesses until your pitch is as concise as possible without losing the intent.Okay, now youre fully ready to close your next deal. Dont get too nervous. Be confident because youve put a lot of effort and mental energy into your sales pitch; you know your product, you know your buyer, you know how your product will help the buyer, youre ready to listen, you have a story to tell, youre solving a real problem, youre ready for any objection, and of course, youre ready to ask for the sale.Remember, you attract what you think! I really do hope these tips helped. See you at the top!

Essay on Motivation and Strength - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1599 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Essay on Motivation and Strength According to Landy and Becker (1987), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the psychological meaning of motivation is the internal mental state of a person which relates to the initiation, direction, persistence, intensity, and termination of behaviourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The internal force or desire that drives an individual towards the achievement of a fixed goal. Since, motivation alone is not enough to achieve a goal, ability is needed for a motivated individual to accomplish a given task. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essay on Motivation and Strength" essay for you Create order Therefore, ability is the knowledge or capacity of executing a task. Ability is strength. Linley (2008), suggests that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strength is a pre-existing capacity for a particular way of behaving, thinking, or feeling that is authentic and energising to the user, and enables optimal functioning, development and performance. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate how needs motivate individuals and affects their behaviours. Ability is what you are capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do and how you do it. Motivation is the process that explains how and why human behaviour is directed and affected (Latham, 2007). There are two types of motivation, intrinsic, the internal factors such as desire to work hard and the reward for working hard and the satisfaction to have accomplished something (wood et al, 2006). For example, if a manager announces that the hardest working employee will be crowned the employee of the month. It will trigger in an individual the desire to always finish and submit a task before the given time so as to be nominated as an employee of the month. Extrinsic motivation, external factors such as money, holidays and other tangible incentives. And it can be caused by the desire of an individual to achieve a certain aim. When an individual is satisfied by external factors, it can be said that he/she is extrinsic motivated (Osterloh Frey, 2000 p.539). The main theories of motivation are content theory and process theory. The content theory explains the reason for a motivated behaviour; that is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  causes it. A content theory would explain behaviour aspects in terms of specific human needs or specific factor that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“driveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  behaviour (Henry, Tosi and Mero, 2000 p.129). For example, I am motivated to study for a degree or Jude is working hard to gain promotion. The desire to achieve a goal or something that affects an individual behaviour. Four major content theori es of motivation are: Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hierarchy of needs theory, Herzbergà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s motivation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" hygiene theory, Alderferà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ERG theory and McClellandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory. According to Maslow A. (1943), human needs can be categorised into five categories: (1) Physiological needs, are those primary needs required for survival like physical well-being food air clothing. (2) Safety needs reflect a desire for protection against loss of shelter, food and other basic requirements for survival. (3) Social needs such as affiliation, love and affection the need for family. (4) Esteem needs the desire to be respected by others and for a positive self-image. (5) Self-actualisation needs personal growth, individual desire to do what he or she has the potential of doing. The basic needs must be fulfilled before moving to next level of need. Physical well-being must be provided before anything else can assume importanc e for a person. A person in real life must eat, breathe air before he can tend to move to another level of hierarchy needs. If a person is threatened or sick advancement to the next level of needs will be ignored until the issue is resolved. Higher order needs are unimportant unless the lower order needs are satisfied. According to Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory a person is not motivated by a need that is satisfied. Alderferà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1972), classified Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory in three categories of basic needs. They are existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs (ERG Theory). Existence needs summarised Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s physiological needs and security needs for material needs. Relatedness needs encompass security needs for interpersonal matters, affiliation and needs of an interpersonal nature. Growth needs concentrate on the need to confirm personal esteem and self-actualization Similar to Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory, ERG theory suggests that unsatisfied need does not arouse the desire for higher-order needs. According Miner (1980), ERG theory states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the less relatedness needs are fulfilled, the more existence needs will be desired. And the less growth needs are fulfilled, the more relatedness needs will be desiredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This means that if a person is not able to satisfy the higher order needs, he/she will focus on the lower order needs, that is, he/she will regress on the need hierarchy. Herzberg (1959), considers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hygiene and motivating factors in determining productivity and is called the two-factor theory. Hygiene factors are job contextual. They are satisfiers and not motivators and their absence create dissatisfaction.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The presence of hygiene factors are satisfying and motivating because motivating factors are associated with the content of the job. According to McClelland (1965) , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the two important concepts that underlie achievement-power theory are: Motive and The force of motives on behaviour. Motives are affectively toned associated networks arranged in a hierarchy of strength and importance within a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Motive has a big effect on behaviour and can generate the following needs: the needs for achievement, the need for power and the need for affiliation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Achievement motive is extent to which success is important and valued by a person. The strength of motive is related to socialization experiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Heckhausen, 1967). The need for power having the desire to influence and control others and the environment. The need for affiliation, motive to develop and maintain close and meaningful relationships. Motivation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Process Theories According to Tosi et al (2000), Process theories of motivation deals with how changes occur in behaviour without much emphasis on the specifi c factors (or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) that causes behaviour. The process theories include the following: Reinforcement theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Goal-setting theory Organisational justice theories The four types of reinforcement consequences are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive reinforcement recompenses desirable behaviour. When a positive behaviour is rewarded with incentives like promotion, end of year bonus or salary increase, the individual tend to repeat the desired behaviour. Avoidance is trying to show an employee the result of an improper behaviour which he/she will not experience if behaved otherwise. Extinction is mainly ignoring the behaviour of a dependent and not providing either positive or negative reinforcement. Punishment using a negative action to prevent reoccurrences of an improper behaviour. Rewards can be extrinsic when external factors such as money, fringe benefits or job security are used as rewarding elements. Intrinsic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" internal satisfaction outcome from doing work. Satisfaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude about work situation. Expec tancy theory according to Vroom (1964), deal with the idea that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“when you put an effort to a work, the outcome will be that you desire. Equity theory basically when an employee compares the outcome of his input and output with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Equity theory states that people are motivated to maintain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair relationship with others and to rectify unfair relationship by making them fairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Baron, 1983). Goal-setting is based on a simple premise: performance is caused by a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention to perform (Locke et al; 1981). Goals are what a person is trying to accomplish or intends to do, and according to this theory, people will do what they are trying to do (Locke, 1968). Organisational justice theory procedural justice is the extent to which people believe they are treated fairly in terms of how decisions are made about things that affect them in the work. And distributi ve justice is the degree to which people believe that they are treated fairly and equitably with respect to work outcomes. According to Aristotle strength is the best thing in us and things we are good at. There are two approaches of study of strength and they are: Strength Based Approach by Linley Positive Psychology by Seligman Linley (2006) focuses on what is right, what is working and what is strong. That strengths are part of our basic human nature, therefore every person has strength and deserves respect for their strength. Our areas of greatest potentials are in the areas of our greatest strength. We succeed by fixing our weakness only when we are also making the most of our strength. Therefore, using our strength is the smallest thing we can do to make the biggest difference. Seligman (2000) observed an imbalance in psychology research as it focused more in the negative side of personal psychology. That positive psychology is about well-being, contentment and satisfaction (in the past); hope and optimum (for the future); and flow and happiness (in the present). The positive and development state of an individual are characterised by high self-efficacy, optimum, hope and resiliency. According to Snyder (1995) hope is a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s desire to achieve a goal (agency) and ability to e nvision varied options to achieve their goal (pathway). Peterson and Seligman identified the 24 strengths or character traits which can benefit happiness and wellbeing. According to Seligman we can identify our signature strength and use these regularly in our lives. The 24 character traits are divided into groups of six distinti virtues as follows: Wisdom and knowledge (creativity, curiosity, judgement, love of learning, perspective) Courage (bravery, perseverance, honesty, zest) Humanity (love, kindness, social, intelligence) Justice (teamwork, fairness, leadership) Temperance (forgiveness, humility, prudence, self-regulation) Transcendence (appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humour, spirituality) In conclusion Landy, f.J. and Becker, W.S. 1987: Motivation theory reconsidered. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw (eds) Resarch in Organisation Behavvior, 9th edn, Greenwich, CT: JAI press, 1-38. Tosi, H., Mero, N. and Rizzo, J. (2000).Managing organizational behavior. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell. Maslow, A.H. 1943: A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-96 1

The Consequences Of The Treaty Of Versailles - 1015 Words

In 1919, the Allied victors in World War I met at the Paris Peace Conference to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. The Allies created the peace terms in the hope to create and maintain world peace. However, the Allies and Central Powers realized that the peace terms stated in the Treaty of Versailles did not help to maintain world peace. When the Allies created the Treaty they designed it in a bad way. Rather than specific, the Treaty didn’t make much sense because it was wordy. John Maynard Keynes – an English economist - attended the Paris Peace Conference and wrote the book The Economic Consequences of Peace in which he stated his opinion about the Treaty. In Thornstein Veblen’s review of The Economic Consequences of Peace he argues that Keynes withheld information about the consequences that the Treaty would cause. If Keynes would not have withheld any information the economic downfall would not have happened. Keynes failed to include the co nsequences of the Treaty in his analysis though, and failed to influence the Allies at the Paris Peace Conference. In Keynes analysis of the Treaty he did not include the consequence that the Bolshevism would come to an end. At the Paris Peace Conference the Great Powers only agreed to eliminate the Bolshevism, other than that the Great Powers could not agree on anything. They knew that it would be difficult to eliminate the Bolshevism in Soviet Russia, but the Great Powers thought it had to be done to create andShow MoreRelatedThe Extent to Which the Treaty of Versailles was Fair and the Consequences for Germany1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Extent to Which the Treaty of Versailles was Fair and the Consequences for Germany The Treaty of Versailles was intended to be a peace agreement between the Allies and the Germans after the First World War ended in 1918. 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However, the Treaty of Versailles, sharply differed from Wilsons points, and Germany, who felt betrayed, denounced the treaty as morally invalid. Henig claimed that the fact that it did not survive the 1920s intact stemmed, not so much from the terms of the peace treaties themselves but from the reluctance of political leaders in the inter-war period to enforce them2. Overall, the Treaty of Versailles was flawed to the extent that instead of preventing futureRead MorePrescribed 1 Peacemaking and Peacekeeping, International Relations 1918-361716 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment of Germany? (2 marks) In the extract from Guilt at Versailles, Antony Lentin states that the Allied statesmen did not create the Treaty of Versailles to conciliate or destroy Germany. Instead, the Treaty left Germany bitter, resentful, in want of revenge and a potential enemy in the future. (b) What message is conveyed by Source E? (3 marks) Source E conveys the message that Germany has been mistreated through the Treaty of Versailles. * The caption reads â€Å"†¦ do you want your pockets

In this paper, we evaluate a set of three medical Free Essays

In this paper, we evaluate a set of three medical related websites namely www.nln.org for the National league of Nursing, www. We will write a custom essay sample on In this paper, we evaluate a set of three medical or any similar topic only for you Order Now nursingworld.org for the American Nursing Association, www.ama-assn.org for the American Medical Association and the https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm for the National Council for State boards in Nursing. We also evaluate an Archives resource site namely https://www.congress.gov// or the Thomas, the website of the Library of Congress of the United States of America. Prior to presenting the evaluation we briefly describe each website: the purpose of these sites and their current set-up. We then go into the evaluation proper where we analyze the overall content, style and functionality of each site. In the overall content of the websites the quality of the information being presented and the comprehensiveness of the information is assessed. Moreover, how current the information located in the websites and where they were derived or from what authority this information was derived is also assessed. Lastly, in evaluating the style and functionality of the sites we take into consideration the layout or the manner content is presented within the sites, ease in navigating the sites, its compatibility with respect to various browsers, information space with respect to advertising pages, and the speed upon which it is accessed through the internet. The first of the sites to be evaluated is www.nursingworld.org, the official website of the American Nursing Association (ANA). Briefly, ‘ANA is the only full-service professional organization representing the nation’s 2.9 million registered nurses (RNs) (About the American Nurses association,  that advances nursing through imbibing high standards, promoting the economic welfare in their workplace and by proactively lobbying governmental agencies on issues affecting them. For the overall content, the website contains comprehensive and relevant information supportive of the purpose of ANA mentioned previously. The site has sections on information and services, newsroom and nursing issues/programs that sustain continuous support for promoting high standards in the nursing practice. It also has a section for showing their advocacies and initiatives for nurses’ general welfare, with sub-sections directing users to view publications relevant to nurses in the United States. As for the currency of the documents, the documents are up to date with uploaded documents as latest as January 11, 2007 (‘Press releases from the American Nurses Association†, http://www.nursingworld.org/pressrel/). As for the authority of the documents published, the documents that are published have their corresponding sources accompanying them. All these information are presented in a notably clear and concise fashion. For the style and functionality of the website, the overall layout is easily understandable. The site can be easily navigated and the information is clearly sorted out for easy access, even though the site carries a lot of information it is surprisingly accessible. On the other hand, the address of the site (www.nursingworld.org) is a bit misleading if you were to guess what would be the site of ANA and a name as www.ana.org or www.americannursingassociation.org may have been the better URL. The use of images instead of flash movies may have the decreased the site’s overall aesthetic impact to the user but without the use of flash movies, the site can then be easily accessible from any computer with varying internet speed with information prompting fast. Lastly for the evaluation of the www.nursingworld.org, the information relative to the advertisements, they are separated clearly in order to reduce the clutter and make browsing easier. The second site is www.ama-assn.org or the American Medical Association (AMA). AMA ‘helps doctors help patients by uniting physicians nationwide to work on the most important professional and public health issues’ (‘The AMA mission’, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1815.html). Although it is similar to the initiatives and programs of ANA, AMA has a wider market as it focuses on the entire medical profession. For the overall content of the site, it has similarities as that of the ANA site, with additions of ‘professional resources section’ for medical practitioners and ‘med school ; residency site‘ for medical students. Most of the information is up to date except for the annual report is only has the 2005 annual report. In addition, the site’s information is taken from credible sources, which are also accessible in the site. As for the overall layout of the site, the vast information is batched together in a clear and easily understandable manner such that users can browse through the site easily. The site utilizes flash movies that make the site more appealing and further imbibes to the users the vision and mission of AMA. Apart from what was mentioned above, there are however no significant or innovative means of presenting data seen from the ANA and the AMA site. The third website is www.nln.org which is the site for the National League for Nursing (NLN). The purpose of NLN is similar to that of ANA but is slightly varied. According to its purpose (http://www.nln.org/aboutnln/ourmission.htm), the NLN ‘advances excellence in nursing education that prepares the nursing workforce to meet the needs of diverse populations in an ever-changing healthcare environment.’ This purpose is done through achieving the goals of Nursing education, Faculty development, Research in Nursing Education, Data collection, assessment and evaluation and Public Policy. For the overall content of the site, information pertinent to the goals mentioned above is clearly visible. Users who wish to participate in achieving one of the goals or for anyone who would just want to browse through the site can easily go to a specific heading and see its related sections. In terms of the currency of the documents, most of the documents are up to date however there are some documents such as the calendar of activities of NLN, which are still in need of updating (the calendar is still 2006). As for the overall layout, the site has a asymmetric design, departing from the modular and common website design that sets it apart from the rest of the websites being evaluated although the site uses only simple graphics to present its content. The site can easily be navigated, with information clearly divided and grouped together into concise headings that make it easier to browse through. Lastly, uploading time for the site is suitable for users with varying Internet bandwidths due to its low-memory web design, thus information no matter the manner of Internet access can easily acquire information. Another site evaluated is https://www.ncsbn.org/, the site for the National Council for State Boards for Nursing (NCSBN). The NCSBN is a United States-state wide organization aiming to promote and advance regulatory excellence in Nursing for public protection (‘Mission and Values,’ https://www.ncsbn.org/182.htm). For the overall content of the site, it has comprehensive content mostly pertaining to the nursing profession and for the regulatory nursing boards, each other that implies that their site presents specific, relevant and concise information that complement each other. The documents are well cited with authorities in the field clearly stated accompanying any research or paper they did for NCSBN. Overall the site is up to date, with sections for instance the calendar of activities that go as far presenting dates of activities for this year in advance, which is good for most people. However there are sections in the site that still need to be updated, sections such as the News releases and the annual report. As for the style and functionality, the site is more â€Å"cleaner† than the others in terms of the layout. The information is presented in such a way that even though there is a lot of information presented, the website is still able to present it in a simple manner that would not make the user â€Å"disoriented.† The site can be easily navigated with all the information easily accessible. The site however goes back to the symmetric design unlike the site of NLN. The site utilizes simple flash presentations in their homepage that gives an additional aesthetic impact to the user. Lastly, we evaluate http://thomas.loc.gov/, the site for the Library of Congress of the United States of America. According to the section describing the site (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/abt_thom.html), ‘THOMAS was launched in January of 1995, at the inception of the 104th Congress. The leadership of the 104th Congress directed the Library of Congress to make federal legislative information freely available to the public.’ Currently is being maintained by the Library of Congress. For the overall content of the site, its presents a multitude of information as concise as possible yet the site still appears to be heavily cluttered with information. However as compared to the other sites and the content they hold, Thomas is appreciably easy to understand-simple as it possibly can. In terms of the authority, the information presented by the Thomas is undoubtedly accurate and comes from directly from the source that is Congress. In addition, the documents stored in the site are the most current in the field, with daily updates coming directly from Congress. Links are also presented in the site that are relevant to users who wish to browse other relevant legislation. In terms of style and functionality, the Thomas has a simple layout and aesthetic appearance as compared to the other sites. The main page is a bit cluttered so there is a possibility that first time users might get lost with regards to the immense information being presented and the one the user wishes to find. However the site boasts of a search engine for their database that is incredibly useful for users and researchers that would want to find the necessary information which adds up to the overall functionality of the website. Lastly, due to its simple web design, the site can be easily accessed with any Internet bandwidth at any location at any time. References: The American Nursing Association. Retrieved Jan 13, 2006 from www.nursingworld.org The American Medical Association. Retrieved Jan 13, 2006 from www.ama-assn.org The National League for Nursing. Retrieved Jan 13, 2006 from www.nln.org The National Council of State boards of Nursing. Retrieved Jan 13, 2006 from www.ncsbn.org How to cite In this paper, we evaluate a set of three medical, Essay examples

The Agenda - Grassroots Leadership free essay sample

In many ways, the Benfold was actually an extreme example of the same problems facing many organizations today. As the new head of his own command Michael only became more determined. The idea was to establish a system of beliefs that Michael calls GrassRoots Leadership a process of replacing command and control with commitment and cohesion by engaging the hearts, minds, and loyalties of workers. GrassRoots Leadership is a philosophy that empowers every individual to share the responsibility of achieving excellence. These views each are essential in become a proper leader in any type of commanding role with peruse to enquire. GrassRoots Leadership has as its core tenets: o Lead by Example – o Listen Aggressively o Communicate Purpose and Meaning o Create a Climate of Trust o Look for Results, Not Salutes o Take Calculated Risks o Go Beyond Standard Operating Procedure o Strengthen Others/Build Up Your People o Generate Unity o Cultivate Quality of Life – Don’t just take command – communicate purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on The Agenda Grassroots Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every commander should have a decent relationship with there fellow associates. When you are assigning work to your fellow associate you need to prepare to speak to them as equal. In no way shape or form it should come out as a sense of power. Your company or association will only be as strong as its weakest link. As a whole they need to work together on a regular day basis and be able to feel as a complete division. Practice discipline without formalism. One the toughest responsibilities are to be a disciplinarian to other people. No education level with ever is able to prepare you to discipline your associates. Each member must be treated different, because each individual is different. They will react to different ways you try to discipline them. Each commander would need to realize that there responsibilities as a disciplinarian need to be handled with caution, or else there company may be capable and tempted to over turn on you if you make enough enemies by being a script disciplinarian. The best captains hand out responsibility – not orders Being associated with various teams and companies I realized the best leaders come in various shapes or forms. However what makes a great leader is one who treats his associates as equals. A leader dose not play authority figure to be able to get things done from other. He believes in treating every colleague with the same respect he aspect to be treated with. Associates will not be as eager to work for you in they feel you are obligating them to finish certain task. Successful crews perform with devotion. Members of any organization need a leader to give them the importation to want to go to work on a daily basic. Things need to continue to stay interesting so you could be able to get the most out of colleagues. As mentioned before your company or association will only be as strong as its weakest link. As a whole they need to work together on a regular day basis and be able to feel as a complete division. The capability to make your company the best possible is in the hands of the leader and what he makes on it.

War of 1812 Pointless Essay Example For Students

War of 1812 Pointless? Essay The War of 1812 proved to be the most serious challenge to face the United States since the countrys birth. This Second war of Independence perhaps changed American history as we know it though. This essay will discuss the causes for this war assessing whether there actually were valid reasons for the United States and Britain going to war or whether the whole 1812 war was just born out of pointless aggression The war of 1812 was a very unnecessary war. It broke out just as one of its chief causes (The Orders in Council) was removed and its greatest battle (New Orleans) was fought just after peace was signed. The war was unnecessary from a British point of view but for the Americans it was inescapable. The Royal Navy had kidnapped 3,800 American sailors and pressed them into service. The Orders In Council had deprived the United States of a profitable trade with France and can be seen as having ruthlessly subordinated American economic interests to the political interests of the British Empire. We will write a custom essay on War of 1812 Pointless? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now American farmers also blamed the orders, perhaps unfairly, for a fall in agricultural prices that produced a depression in the West in the years immediately before the war. On the frontier it was universally believed that Indian restlessness war stirred up by British agents although really American oppression has to be seen as a big cause of this too. Americas war with Britain seemed inevitable although the Americans did everything they decently could to avoid it, although there seemed to be endless provocation by Britain, for example in 1807 when a British frigate, the leopard opened fire on an American frigate the Chesapeake. The choice before America, Jefferson the former president and his successor Madison agreed was war or submission to fight or to undo one of the main achievements of the revolution and accept total defeat in international affairs to England. As John Quincy Adams put it It was not a matter of dollars and cents, no alternative was left but war or the abandonment of our right as an independent nation The offences committed against the United States were the major provocations for the war, reasons other then vindication can be regarded as rationalisation. There was an obvious anger for what British had done to America and many Americans merely wanted revenge but the war was fought for much more then that. The radical expansionism and the belief that Canada would inevitably be annexed to the United States also has to be a major cause for America going to war. Another primary cause of the war was the rise of Tecumseh the Indian chief who was believed to be backed by the British. This caused an urgency for the Americans to expel the British from Canada. The War Hawks, the congress at the time of Madisons presidency, were pushing for the invasion of Canada and an attack upon the Savages who had been tormenting homes on the frontier. Madison never really expected or desired the annexation of Canada and neither did his colleague Monroe (Secretary of State) A compromise with Britain would have been very difficult due to the increasing sectionalism in America. It might have been true as George Washington had said in his farewell address that East, West, North and South had more in common then points of difference but since the long Napoleonic wars which had been fought and there repercussions for America the differences seemed to mount rapidly. New England had virtually everything in common with British Maritime interests but the further South and West you travelled the more opinion leaders you found who wanted a war with Britain as the road to expansion. It was these Southern and Western states that formed part of Madisons constituency and had elected him in 1808 and when he was elected again in 1812, therefore Madison was very dependent on these states much more so than the Northern New England states. The opinions of these Southern and Western states reflected the ideas of Henry Clay, the leader of the War hawks, who himself was from Kentucky a Western state. The war hawks desire for land, Canadian or Indian, fear of a British backed Indian conspiracy, concern over the declining prices of agriculture products and the restrictions of markets abroad have all believed to have been basic cause of the war. .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .postImageUrl , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:visited , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:active { border:0!important; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:active , .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5 .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8abac12bc6849e9fac2ba9c81c57bb5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: -The Lotos-Eaters By Tennyson Essay When asked about his reasoning for the push for war, Henry Clay would answer What are we to gain by peace ? His rationalisations had to do with a mentality that they would lose their countrys character, commerce and nations best treasure if they didnt go to war. He believed that what they had to gain was reduced revenue to nearly ten million dollars. Clay could also not ignore the impressment of American sailors by British fleets, this was another driving force. Henry Clay assumed a leading role in the war against Britain. He then affected President Madisons decision about the war and more or less pushed madison from being indifferent to declaring war. Clay saw the British as an intrusive and unwanted force that was trampling on the feet and violating the rights of his countrymen. The Treaty Of Ghent which was signed in December 1814 ended a war which by now both sides were silently admitting should never have started. The treaty though proved to be a great act of statesmanship. After the signing Adams remarked to one of the English delegates I hope this will be the last treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States And it was. The very fact that both sides withdrew to their prewar positions, that neither could describe the war as a success or a defeat, and that the terms could not be presented, then or later, as a triumph or a robbery all worked for permanency and helped to erase from the national memory of both countries a struggle which had been bitter enough at the time. The absence of any recrimination too meant that the treaty could serve as a basis on which to build a friendly, common sense relationship between two English speaking peoples. The statement that the war of 1812 was born purely out of a Pointless aggression is true to an extent. In the build up to the1812 war Britain seemed to provoke the United States through every means possible exploiting there own position. The United States did try to avoid a war with Britain but they saw how a war could fulfil there own ambitions and so used the war to pursue there own objectives which were increasing the size of the United States whilst reinforcing the economy through trade. The fact was though that neither side managed to achieve there pre-war ambitions and when the Treaty of Ghent was signed all actual issues of the war were dropped and both sides agreed to just stop fighting. The war of 1812 had such a great effect on the United States that it is sometimes referred to as The Second War Of Independence. This did not refer to Great Britain attempting to gain control of the United States, instead, it marked the end of the United States dependence on Europe. Great Britain fully accepted American independence. 1815 was marked as a turning point. Before, American foreign relations were conditioned by the shifting power structure and the almost continuous wars in Europe. After the year 1815, the United States could choose war or peace according to its interests.

Greek Ideal essays

Greek Ideal essays Philosophy has always been central to the Greek culture. The Love of Wisdom, as translated from Greek, the art and the science of philosophy was born in ancient Greece and since then has found its way to Western and other civilizations. In a process of a never-ending inquiry into the subjects of science and humanities, philosophers were affecting multiple aspects of every day life. Their urge to obtain answers to questions that were central to human existence has influenced perceptions of arts, politics, ethics, as well as many other disciplines. Theories that were obtained from such wisdom-full investigative process were subjected to the critique of others and at the end idealized as widely accepted standards. Greek ideal, combination of idealized ancient Greek philosophies, has thus been formed. People united theories to apply them when deciding whether a particular society fits the Greek ideal. Some of the most prominent philosophers, who have contributed to defining the Gr eek ideal were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Central to their schools of thought was concern with an ideal State. Concerned with the same goal, all three philosophers are arriving to similar definitions of ideal. Greek Philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle had virtually the same beliefs about man's relation to the State, although Plato's political theory of the State was more rational than Socrates or Aristotle's. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all believed that a man was not self-sufficient, they believed man would be most happy living in a State. They also believed that all men wanted to live the truly good life where they could be in tune with the truth and achieve their ultimate goals. Although Socrates, Platos and Aristotle's political views of the State are similar, Plato's view is more rational than Socrates and Aristotle's in the sense that he created an ideal State. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle believed that n...

Author study on Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Author study on Emily Dickinson - Essay Example On September 7, 1835, Emily begins education at West Center District School but later on, had to stop because of illness. When her parents decided to enroll her at Amherst Academy, Emily was too shy to enter the academy alone. Emily loved school but felt that she was old enough to attend Amherst Academy. She insisted on attending the academy with her sister Vinnie even Vinnie was still young. On September 7, 1840, Emily and Lavinia begin Amherst Academy (Kirk, xv). Emily never outgrew her shyness towards strangers but she was fun to be with and witty especially to those she had known well. People who know her accept her odd behaviors such as hiding in the woods so that no one can see her watching the first trip of the train on the railroad her father built. Emily completes her last year in Amherst Academy in August 10, 1847 and begins school at Mount Holyoke in September 30, 1847 where she began to write poetry (Kirk, xvi). Her Life as a Poet Emily has been writing poetry even when s he was in her teens. Nobody in her family was interested in writing except for her auntie Lavinia. Her aunt is fond of books, writing verse, and has independent turn of minds, unlike her mother. Perhaps, her aunt inspired her to write poetry (Sewall, 325). In 1847, Dickinson enrolled at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary and stayed only for a year. Dickinson became outrageously outstanding among her fellow classmates because of her refusal in every school’s Christians evangelical activities. Dickinson wrote in a poem, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to church, I keep it staying home.† Emily Dickinson considers herself as a believer, but never joined the church. In a student assembly at Mount Holyoke, headmistress Mary Lyon asked all the students who wants to be Christian to stand up; only Emily did not. Her classmate, Clara Newman Turner, heard Emily saying that it was strange that she didn’t rise but it would be stranger if she lied (Sewall, 360). During her stay in Mount Holyoke, she felt very homesick and frequently write letters to her brother, Austin. On March 25, 1848, William Austin went to Mount Holyoke to bring back Emily to Amherst. Emily moved to Homestead and stayed there for the rest of her life (Bolin, 5). Emily became friends with Benjamin Newton. He is a law student studying with his father and admired Emily’s poetry. Unexpectedly, Ben died and Emily couldn’t believe it. This is the time when Emily started to write poems about death. Emily and her sister Vinnie never get married. They just stayed in their house, beside the house of their brother Austin and his wife, Sue. Emily hated household chores; that is why she is the cook and Vinnie took charge of housekeeping. With outgrowing shyness Emily had, she merely went out and spent time in town. She only socialized with her family and saw only visitors she chose to see. Later on, the town has made up odd stories about her. Since age forty, Emily only think of writ ing poetry. While all of the people are resting in the middle of the night, Emily was writing poems. Her poems were unusual, beyond reality, and reached possibilities. Poetry at that time was flowery. People find it unusual to like her poems because it is light and witty. She always wrote in lambic – poems written in rhythm or meter. Most of her poems have four stanzas and each stanza have four lines. Lines one

Portfolio of Seven Case Briefs on Different Business Law Topics Essay

Portfolio of Seven Case Briefs on Different Business Law Topics - Essay Example Reeder-Simco is a business entity that acts as a Volvo dealer in Fort Smith, Arkansas. In February of 2000, it filed suit against Volvo on the allegation that its (Reeder’s) sales and profits declined due to Volvo’s price discrimination practices. Reeder-Simco alleges that Volvo offered to other dealers price concessions that were significantly more favorable than those given to Reeder-Simco. Thus, it filed suit against Volvo for allegedly violating the Robinson-Patman Act (RPA), which prohibits forms of discriminatory pricing that reduce competition. On this basis, Reeder explained that its business is conducted in the following manner: retail customers take bids from dealers who solicit price concessions from the manufacturers. These concessions are factored into dealer’s bids. Reeder accuses Volvo of offering better price concessions to other Volvo dealers bidding for different customers, directly resulting in Reeder suffering losses. The District Court District Court allowed the case to go to a jury, who held in favor of Reeder and awarded damages. Volvo appealed the decision, arguing a lack of competition was present, which is required by the RPA to apply. Volvo substantiated its contention stating that Reeder was not actually bidding against the Volvo dealers who supposedly were given favorable concessions. The appellate court dismissed the appeal, ruling that even though Volvo dealers do not actually bid against each other, they effectively competed at the same functional level.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Crime Prevention through Environmental Design is a method of deterring unlawful conduct through deliberately engineering the setting in which crime is likely to be perpetrated. In this regard, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design is a multidisciplinary approach to prevent criminal behavior through environmental design (Atlas, 2008). CPTED tactics and strategies depend on the ability to manipulate the criminals choices that precede the crime. Importantly, to achieve deterrence effects of criminal behavior, CPTED strategies have been designed on the basis that they can influence offenders decision in regard to committing crime which precedes criminal acts. The essence of CPTED approach is underlined by Angel (1968) suggestion that crime settings can be influenced by: the creation or elimination of boundaries, decreasing or increasing accessibility, delineating territories and through enhancing surveillance by the police and citizenry. Therefore, CPTED can be seen as an approac h to problem solving that takes into account the environmental conditions and the opportunities they offer for criminal behavior occurrence (Cornish and Clarke 1986). Thereafter, it utilizes those perceived opportunities responsible for causing crimes to control access, provide opportunity to see and to be seen and defines ownership while encouraging territory maintenance (Luedtke et al, 1970) CPTED uses a multiplicity of disciplines to foresee the offenders mindset and hence create an environment that deters criminal behavior. Crowe (2000) reports that the central tenet used to arrive at the strategies is the analysis of crime and the environment where it occur using an analytic question â€Å"why here†. Furthermore, such analyses have proved that: crimes are specific and situational; crime distribution correlates to land use and transport network; and offenders are usually optimistic and commits crime in place they know well (Atlas, 2008). Moreover, these analyses reveal that opportunities for crime arise out of daily activities and crime places that are often without observer. The strategies that are employed to achieve CPTED objectives are through the use of target hardening, natural surveillance, alarm and warning systems installation and access control. Despite the science being originally formulated by Ray Jeffery (1977), CPTED is studied within the works and findings of Oscar Newman and Tim Crowe. R Jefferys model is now viewed as a multidisciplinary approach to crime prevention which strays from the parameters of security science by incorporating psychology, human anatomy, biology and ergonomics (Crowe, 2000). Newman (1972) ascertained the two basic components of a defensible space. First, this space must enable people to see other people and to be seen themselves. This greatly reduces the inhabitants fears because they are confident that a criminal can be viewed, recognized and detained. Second, residents should be willing to get involved in fighting crime, this involves nurturing a sense of control among the inhabitants; this will enable them to adopt an empowered attitude which facilitates the combat of crime especially within residential areas. Following its inception, CPTED has advanced at a great pace. Some of the noteworthy advancements include: the broken windows theory by James Wilson and Kelling George which studies the impact that visible neglect, wear and tear in neighborhoods have on behavior, the environmental criminology paper by Patricia and Paul Brantingham which looks at crime through four elements: rule, a wrongdoer, a target and an opportune location with environmental criminology being the study of the last of the four elements (Goldstein, 1990; Cornish and Clarke, 1986). British academicians Ronald and Patricia Mayhew also advance the discipline by formulating their Situational Crime Prevention Approach which addresses the reduction of the chance to offend by enhancing the design and administration of the environment in question. Theory supporting CPTED in residential burglaries There are number of criminology theories that justify and align to CPTED approach in relation to residential burglaries. Theories that support CPTED in residential burglaries tend to deviate long due reliance on the sociological and biological perspective to understand crime, and instead emphasis on the crime prevention incentives that reduce environmental opportunities for crime and criminal. The most appropriate theory is the defensive space theory. The Defensive Space Theory This is a terminology used to describe an environment whose physical attributes building plan, location and function allows the occupants themselves to become key agents in safeguarding them. In other words defensive space is both a social and physical (sociophysical) phenomenon (Oscar Newman, 1972), which means that a housing unit is only secure if its inhabitants intend to take on the role of safeguarding it. The theory emphasizes that a location is safer when its individuals possess a sense of responsibility for it; Newman puts it as â€Å"the criminal is isolated because his turf is removed†. This means that if each space is owned and catered for by a conscientious caretaker then a burglar will feel more vulnerable perpetrating his crime. (Newman, 1972) In the defensive space theory there are four factors that constitute a defensible space: the concept of territoriality which is a sense of possession and control for a particular property, natural surveillance, which is the connection between a locations physical attributes and the inhabitants ability to monitor what is happening, the physical spaces Image or ability to convey a sense of security and Milieu which are other characteristics that may have an effect on security like nearness to a busy road. According to the theory, housing projects that stir up territorial sentiments are usually effective in combating crime and defacement. Newman (1972) put it that through good design people should not only feel comfortable in questioning what is happening in their surroundings, they should feel compelled to do so. Any criminal should be able to perceive a watchful community monitoring his actions. In the book Design Outlines for Creating Defensible spaces Oscar Newman outlined five basic principles of designing a defensible space. These basic principles are: the allocation to different groups the specific environment they are able to use and control, for instance the basketball court is best assigned to male teenagers. Second principle entails demarcation of space in housing developments to exhibit the zone under the control of specific inhabitants. Third, invokes the strategic juxtaposition. Fourth, incorporation of the streets within the direct influence of an inhabited setting and the embracing of building styles which eludes the stigma of irregularity that normally allows others to make out the susceptibility. And fifth, involves seclusion of a specific group of residents (Newman, 1972) Approaches in Initiating CPTED projects Research conducted in CPTED has revealed that the decision to indulge in criminal behavior or not to is more likely to be influenced by the criminals perception of the risks of being caught than his evaluations on the reward or the effort necessary in conducting the crime. In line with the findings of this research, defensible space is then designed to reduce crime and the fear of crime while improving the quality of life. In Crime Prevention through Environmental Design the four most widespread CPTED approaches are: natural surveillance or close watch, natural territorial reinforcement or fortification, natural access control or admission management and target hardening (Wood, 1961). Natural surveillance (Kruger and Liebermann, 2001) in CPTED is achieved by increasing awareness by placement of facilities, activities and individuals in a way visibility is optimized and human interaction is fostered. Criminals in such a space feel scrutinized and self aware, this diminishes the chance of them engaging in unlawful acts in such a space. This strategy takes effect by cutting down the opportunities for engaging in unlawful behavior. In such a design streets are made intentionally wide so as to accommodate as many pedestrians as possible. In natural surveillance designs: Unnecessary walls are usually eliminated this is because they block the residents line of vision, windows are positioned overlooking opportunistic points of entry and by closed circuit television (CCTV) is used to monitor suspicious individuals. In access control, only authorized individuals are allowed access to areas which might be targeted by criminals. This can be achieved through: keeping private areas behind lock and key, strategically situating security personnel to scrutinize individuals before they are given access to private space, use of tall fences to restrict access, doing away with design elements that might provide access to private areas, for instance poorly situated balconies and by barricading ground level windows which can be easily broken into by criminals (Cohen and Felson, 1979). In natural territorial reinforcements, personal space is distinctly demarcated and unauthorized movement is eliminated by demonstrating greater proprietary concern. This can be achieved by assigning areas to specific users, this makes trespassers prominent and hence easy to make out. The natural territorial reinforcement strategy of crime prevention can be attained through the implementation of: Prominently displaying alert and security signage, scheduling activities in common spaces, restricting unplanned activities and by preserving a well groomed a premise that conveys an active presence (Atlas, 2008). Target Hardening as a Strategy in Crime Deterrence Target hardening is a security term that refers to the fortification of a building in order to minimize the threat of attack or theft (Clarke, 1992). A straight forward method of crime prevention, target hardening usually deters or delays an attack. It includes ensuring that all windows, doors and other possible entrances are properly locked, removing any natural vegetation that could harbor criminals or be used by criminals to access higher properties. Practical Examples on the Successful Application of CPTED In the book Design Outlines for Creating Defensible Spaces written by Oscar Newman in 1972, he outlines a research conducted in the City of New York that revealed that high-rise apartment buildings had crime rates higher than in lower housing projects. He attributed this to the fact that in high rise buildings residents felt that they had no obligation to secure an area that is occupied by so many people. In 1985 George L. Kelling the originator of the broken window theory was hired as a consultant for New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) (Clarke, 1992). In this period David Gunn a researcher put in place robust measures to test the Broken Windows Theory specifically targeting vandalism and graffiti. From 1984 to 1990 the subway system was meticulously cleaned and service in line with the broken window theory (Crowe, 2000). In 1990 due to the runaway successes of George Kellings policies concerning graffiti and vandalism control, the implementation of the Broken Windows Theory was further intensified by his successor William J. Braton who became the chief officer of the New York City Police. Braton implemented zero-tolerance policies relating to fare dodging, easier arrestee processing methods and background checks on all offenders (Crowe, 2000). Celebrated Mayor Rudy Giuliani and his police commissioner Howard Safir also implemented the strategy on a wider scale in New York City. In his period at the helm Rudy Giuliani had the police strictly enforce the laws against subway fare evasion, public drinking, public urinators and men who wiped the windshields of stopped cars and demanded payment. This led to the crime rates of both serous and petty crime falling drastically for the next ten years (Clarke, 1992; Crowe, 2000). In the late 1990s in Albuquerque New Mexico an initiative called the Safe Streets program was launched (Clarke, 1992). In this scheme it was reasoned that lawlessness on roadways had a similar domino effect in facilitating crime as graffiti vandalism in New York. Punitive measures were initiated to discourage the antisocial behaviors experienced there; this was followed by a steep decline in crime as reviewed by NHTSA and published in a case study. An example that captures the definition o f a defensible space is a United States Department of Justice experiment in Hartford Connecticut (Clarke, 1992). In this experiment streets were closed and police were assigned to each neighborhood in the city. These measures were implemented alongside new public housing plans that were designed to restrict access to the city. Surprisingly Hartford did not show any significant drop in crime. This is despite the private areas of St Louis having a much lower crime rate than the public areas; the underlying reason is speculated to have been in private areas in St Louis people had the capacity and the incentives to protect their defensible spaces (Luedtke et al., 1970; Clarke, 1992). Checklists for Investigating a Premises Compliance with CPTED Template Questions to Evaluate a Premises Compliance with Natural Surveillance This checklist aims at evaluating how well natural surveillance strategies have been implemented within the building: Has the premises installed CCTV cameras to monitor human activities? Where is the lighting situated along passage ways? What is the height at which the lighting is placed? Can peoples faces be adequately made out with the current level of lighting? What is the level of glare from windows, smooth furniture surfaces or oil painted walls? Is it sufficient to cause a blind spot in peoples vision? Have the windows been shielded from glare by shielded or cut-off luminaires? What is the type of vestibules used in the construction of the buildings entry? Is it transparent or is it opaque in nature? Does it allow sufficient light to ensure good visibility? Is there a fence in the compound? What is the type of fence used (can it allow light through i.e. a chain link fence) or is it impervious to light? What is the proximity of the location to road? How busy is the traffic along that road? How to the residents of the premises leave their window shades? Open or closed? How are the windows positioned on the premises? Do they overlook areas that are a high risk of having a security breach? How is the landscape design in regards to facilitating surveillance over opportunistic points of entry? Template Questions to Evaluate a Premises Compliance with Natural Access Control Has fencing been used to restrict access to the premises? Is the fence high enough to prevent trespassers from jumping over it? Is there a gate separating the front yard from the back yard? Can it be locked? Is it usually locked? Were there any design features in the original plan of the premises that could provide unauthorized access to upper levels of the building? Are they still there? If they are still there, what steps have been taken avoid them being used to breach into the building? What steps have been used to secure ground level windows against breach? How many points of entry does the building have? Is it clearly identifiable? Template Questions to Evaluate a Premises Compliance with Natural Territorial Reinforcement Are the activities within the premises spontaneous or are they planned? Are private activities restricted to defined areas? Where are the amenities i.e. seating and food situated in the building? Are they distributed over a wide area or are they placed in a central location? Are there any security signage displayed in the building? How prominent do the security signages appear? How well has the premises and the landscape around it been maintained? Does it communicate an active presence? References Angel, S. (1968). City Planning and Discouraging Crime: University of California press, Berkeley Atlas, R. (2008). 21st Century Security and CPTED: Boston, CRC Press. Crowe, T. (2000), Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Boston, Heinemann. Cornish, D. Clarke, R.V. (1986): The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. New York: Springer Verlag. Clarke, R.V. (1992). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies: New York, Harrow and Hesston. Cohen, L. Felson, M. (1979), â€Å"Crime Rate Trends and Social Change: A Routine Activity Approach.† American Sociological Review 44(4):589-600. Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-Oriented Policing: New York: McGraw Hill. Jeffery, C. R. (1977). CPTED: Beverly Hills, Sage Publications. Kruger, T K L. Liebermann, S. (2001). Designing Safer Places: A Manual for Crime Prevention Through Planning and Design: Pretoria, South Africa: CSIR. Luedtke, G et al. (1970). The Physical City and Crime: Design Techniques for Crime Reduction for Neighborhood. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice. Newman, O. (1972). Crime Prevention Through Urban Design: Defensible Space. New York: Macmillan Wood, E. (1961) Housing Design: A Social Theory

Mini Case Ch

What appears to be the problem areas in the Hobby Horse Company? The problem with Hobby Horse Company is that they were having a tough year throughout 2011. The company has $45 million loan that is due at the end of September, however the company does not have the means to cover the cost of the loan. Looking at the financial statement the company has fairly high leverage where their equity is not as strong. In addition, their current assets don't cover current liabilities-?meaning that the company is not as liquid.For the year 201 1, shareholders would not be better off in terms of investing in his company due to low return on capital for that year. For shareholders to actually benefit from this, earning a higher return would allow them to invest on their own in financial markets. Shareholders want the companies to invest only in projects for which the return on capital is at least as great as the cost Of capital. 2. What questions do the financial ratios Suggest that Ms.Plant and Mr .. Green need to address during their meeting with H Management. Some questions Ms. Plant and Mr.. Green need to address during their meeting with H management is the asset turnover in order to measure the efficiency of he entire asset base in order to turn them over more quickly. Looking at the operating profit margin would allow the company to measure the proportion of the sales that are in the profits and create plans to increase them each year.In analyzing the debt ratio, the managers need to take a deeper look into measuring the financial leverage due to their debt situation with the 545 million dollar loan being due at the end of September. This would put the company at risk for future borrowing since debt increases returns to shareholders in good times and reduces them in bad times. When Hobby Horse borrows money it makes a promise to make a series of interest payments and then to repay the amount that it has borrowed.If profits rise, the debt holders continue to receive only the fixed interest payments creating a gain for the shareholders. For 2011, since their profits were falling, the shareholders received most of the negative impact. Because they borrowed such a large sum of money, they are unable to pay off their debts for that year creating the dilemma of them finding more financing the next year or for extending their current loan. . Should the bank renew Hobby Horse's Agreement?If so what conditions should they place on the renewal. Yes, the bank would be wise in renewing the financial agreement with Hobby Horse. Although 201 1 was a troublesome year for the company the past financial records can show the beneficial growth that H has exemplified. Looking at previous years the company still has room for growth and judging at a single year would not be wise for banks to deny renewal.