The Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Supernatural in Macbeth Displays of supernatural activities were used throughout Macbeth, and evidence of this was brought out in the appearances of the three Witches. In Shakespeare's day, special effects were not used in his plays. Therefore, the dramatic performances and the suspenseful scenes were the fundamental qualities to making a great play. Shakespeare used the element of the unknown to evoke fear in the minds of his audience. By allowing the Witches to see into the future, it made Macbeth more suspenseful. With their prophecies about Macbeth?s future, they intrigue the audience to see if they are correct. The Witches were a symbol of evil, and Shakespeare uses this fear of the devil to give his plays an additional eerie and haunting effect. Shakespeare also used an evil character that can easily influence the main character in his stories, in this case, it was Lady Macbeth. It is essential that   Lady Macbeth and the three Witches create the plot of Macbeth. Without the Witches powers of forete lling the future and the evil persuasions of his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth would have never become king.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The expression "weird sisters", used from the 1400's, means "Fatal sisters". The word "weird" or in Old English Wyrd was a noun meaning Fate. In Act 1, Scene 3, The three Witches describe themselves as fore-tellers of   destiny, and they all introduce themselves to Macbeth and Banquo as "The weird sisters, hand in hand". The appearance that the three Witches possess is that of pure evil. In the starting of the scene, each of the three Witches describe their wickedness with a proud manner. For example, when they asked the Second Witch where she had been, she replied, "Killing swine". This statement shows how the Witches enjoyed being devilish. The impression that the audience gets of Witches is that they are hideously evil. In Shakespeare's time, witches were believed to have supernatural powers, they could transform themselves into other shapes, usually animals. When the First Witch describes where she had been, she referred to sailing across the sea in a sieve and tra nsforming into a rat without a tail, But in a sieve I'll thither sail, and like a rat without a tail, I'll do, I'll do, and I'll do?. Witches were also believed to   fortunetellers. The three Witches prophecies in Macbeth, foreshadow later events in the play.

Acknowledging Female Stereotypes in Much Ado About Nothing Essay

Women in the Elizabethan age were extremely repressed and discriminated against. Most would not have gone to school or received any type of formal education. They were not allowed to vote, own property, or freely voice their opinions. They were seen as the property of a man, subject to his wants, needs, and not allowed to have their own; men held extremely stereotypical views of their female counterparts that helped them justify the way they treated them. Shakespeare exposes many of these injustices and biases in his stage plays, which are still commonly read and performed today. In Much Ado About Nothing, Claudio moves from seeing women (specifically Hero) as goddesses and wives to adulterers, and then back again to his original views. Claudio initially views Hero according to the established stereotypes, in Act 1, Scene 1 as property. When first speaking of Hero, he refers to her as the â€Å"daughter of Signor Leonato;† while this appears to be simply for identification purposes, he actually relinquishes the power of her name to her guardian (1. 1. 119). Instead of calling her by her given name, Hero, Claudio names her in relation to her more powerful male owner. He goes on to ask Benedick if she is a â€Å"modest young lady,† not wondering only if she is sweet, but if she is literally a virgin (1. 1. 121). A woman’s virginity was extremely valuable in Elizabethan England, and determined her worth as a potential wife. This outright inquiry into her purity foreshadows the later scandal surrounding it. Benedick asks Claudio if he would buy her, and Claudio responds with a seemingly noble hypothetical question: â€Å"Can the world buy such a jewel?† (1 1 134). While his question seems to imply that she is so valuable that the entire world’s money could not purchase her, it still perpetuates the stereotype that women are pieces of property, albeit very beautiful and expensive ones. Later in the same scene, Claudio demonstrates Elizabethan men’s views of women through Shakespeare’s thematic messages. He remarks that â€Å"in mine eye, [Hero] is the sweetest lady that ever I looked on† (1 1 139). This introduces a reoccurring theme of Much Ado About Nothing of seeing and perception. Here, and later on in the play, Claudio bases his opinions of Hero on her outward beauty and appearance of piety. In addition, the words â€Å"mine† and â€Å"I† stress the importance of Claudio himself, the important, powerful male in the situation. One notes Shakespeare’s wordplay in the pun implied when â€Å"eye† and â€Å"I† sound interchangeable when spoken aloud. Another theme surfaces in the use of the word â€Å"sworn† in line 144 of Act 1, Scene 1, whereby Claudio makes evident that his honor depends on people’s perception of him and, by proxy, his future wife, Hero. Also notable is the hope he expresses that Hero would â€Å"be [his] wife†, in that he uses language again pertaining to himself; where he could have wished that Hero would â€Å"marry him† or something similar, he instead wishes her to become his property. Claudio reveals that he has had an interest in Hero for a while before their present conversation about her. He admired her before he went away to war, but more pressing, important, masculine issues took his mind off her. This implies that matters of the heart were less valued by men than duty and honor, and that his current infatuation with Hero is sort of an afterthought, something to pursue as he is now bored. This distant, material admiration for Hero quickly turns to contempt when he thinks that Don Pedro has taken her for himself in Act 2, Scene 1. When Don John and Borachio tell him about his friend’s betrayal, Claudio seems to be angrier with Hero than with the man who stole his prospective bride. He claims â€Å"beauty is a witch, against whose charms faith meltheth into blood† (2 1 135-6). This demonstrates the stereotype that Elizabethan men held of women being easily turned to adulterers – it seems to be her evil beauty that lured Don Pedro into supposedly winning her over for his own. This is again an insult to Claudio’s pride; Don John and Borachio use forms of the word â€Å"swear† when recounting Don Pedro’s supposed conquest of Hero, calling to mind how Claudio swore to marry her in the first act. Claudio denounces Hero, and wishes Don Pedro â€Å"joy of her,† once again suggesting women to be objects of personal property, solely existing to fulfill the desires of man. When it is confirmed that Don Pedro was indeed just performing his friendly duties, Claudio instantly reverts to his view of Hero as a perfect, virginal, almost goddess-like potential wife. He says to Hero: â€Å"Lady, as you are mine, I am yours: I give away myself for you, and dote upon the exchange† (2 1 233-4). Claudio acknowledges that Hero is now his property, and as that is an accepted custom in Elizabethan England, it is therefore deemed heroic that he gives himself to her, as well. Using the word â€Å"exchange† suggests a formal transaction of property, which is what is really transpiring between Claudio and Leonato. Claudio expresses his anticipation for the wedding, as time moves slowly â€Å"till love have all his rites† (2 1 269-70); the two meanings of rites as the actual ceremony and rights as a husband provide insight into this. He feels a necessity for their union to be official, as legally marrying Hero will give him legal ownership of her, and her property. Though he claims to love her, his affection could ultimately be seen as a want of her dowry. Claudio shows his opinions of women in his comical description of Beatrice’s love for Benedick in Act 2, Scene 3. He describes her grief over her unrequited love in a ridiculous way, saying that she threw a savage fit. This implies Beatrice, and by extension all women, to be controlled and weakened by their emotions. Claudio says that Hero had told him that Beatrice would surely die if her situation with Benedick progresses in any direction, again poking fun at women’s irrationality. He suggests she wear herself out by talking to someone about her love, as though she were a small child throwing a temper tantrum. Like most men of his time, Claudio appears to believe that women’s perceived lack of control of their emotions made them less worthy of esteem. His view of women again turns cynical again when he receives news in Act 3, Scene 2 that leads him to believe that Hero has had an affair with another man. Don John uses the word â€Å"disloyal† to describe her actions, and Claudio repeats that word in outrage and confusion about this blow to his honor (3 2 76). Being â€Å"disloyal† seems worse than most other things, in that it has wounded Claudio’s pride and reputation. The prefix â€Å"dis† is extremely negative and poignant. He emphasizes that if he sees anything with his own eyes, he will believe these accusations. He describes the issue as â€Å"mischief strangely thwarting,† and extends that description to all women in general; here he shows that he has moved from seeing women as wives and goddesses to adulterers and shrews. At their wedding ceremony in Act 4, Scene 1, Claudio spitefully and ironically addresses Hero with all sorts of virginal, innocent, pure language like â€Å"maid† (4 1 19). He again describes her as property in calling her a â€Å"rich and precious gift,† yet this time it is with an air of contempt and scorn (4 1 23). Continuing the theme of perception and sight, he calls Hero â€Å"but the sign and semblance of her honor,† implying that she merely put on a facade of virginity and purity (4 1 28). He asks the attendees of the wedding and, by extension, the audience, to acknowledge that her innocence is merely a show. Claudio accuses her girlish blush to be truly that of guilt and shame. Where previously he has referred to Hero as a maid, here he calls her only â€Å"like† a maid; this literal comparison emphasizes his change of feeling toward her and her sex. He facetiously describes her as the goddess of chastity and the moon, Diana, and of an unopened flower bud – virgin in appearance only. Then he compares her to Venus, goddess of sexuality, and even to mindless beasts that act only on impulse and instinct. In the line â€Å"Marry that Hero, Hero itself can blot out Hero’s virtue,† he proclaims that women are the source of their own downfall (4 1 75). Where her outward appearance was that of a virtuous young lady, her perceived actions lead Claudio to believe her to be a whore. Although one could argue that Claudio’s view of women was that of all Elizabethan men, including Shakespeare himself, the development of Benedick’s opinions show that this is not true. He begins the play disliking the idea of marriage and especially marriage to Beatrice, yet, through the dramatic action, he learns to love and appreciate her for her previously detested intelligence and wit. Benedick learns to value women for the humans they are, and yet Claudio still sees them as property at the end of the play. This suggests that Shakespeare realizes that, although he can bring attention to the issue of gender equality in his works, he cannot expect the audience to fully accept his ideas. Claudio constantly moves between stereotypes in his views of women in this play: he alternatively sees Hero as wife, goddess, adulterer, and everything in between. Shakespeare’s specific word choice and themes revealed in Much Ado About Nothing provide insight into how women were actually thought of and treated in Elizabethan England, and how the author himself believed they should be. Today, the centuries-old fight for gender equality is far from over. But, like Shakespeare, we can hope that all women will eventually be respected as equals, like Beatrice. Works Cited McDonald, Russ. The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare. Boston: Bedford, 2010. Shakespeare, William. Much Ado about Nothing. Ed. Mary Berry and Michael Clamp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Belonging Essay

Belonging is the finest thing in the world that knows how to belong to oneself. You have to belong to yourself before you belong to society. Belonging is a quite a hard concept, as you can argue that people who don’t want to belong actually â€Å"belong† to a group of people who don’t want to belong. But what is belonging? One idea is that you belong when you feel comfortable with people who have similar objectives, goals, and aims as you. But, as i realised while analysing a film in fact it’s for this unit, if you don’t feel comfortable with the group you believe you belong to, then even if you have the same goals for example cricket. Even though everyone’s goal is to win, should the team not befriend you, make you feel like you are excluded from the team, then you don’t really feel that you belong to the team so it’s basically what belonging is about. My first text is about a song by my island home by Christina Anu and how the singer portrays aspects of belonging through her song lyrics. Firstly she explores the idea that belonging to people or places shapes our identity and then she explores how the barriers which prevent belonging can create a need to belong. The song Island Home shares her perception that belonging to certain people or place creates our ideology of life and where we rightfully belong. We live by the sea and My home is Australia this use of language shows pride and belonging to Australia. This creates and brings belong into place where our perspective of belonging to be one of happiness. Belonging is evident in the song in the boat on the sea again, and I holding that long turtle spear, and I feel close to where it must be. The composer emphasises the point that her home must be by the sea because that’s where she is from and where she feels that she belongs, the pride of her belonging. We create our own identity from the feelings and affections we have with belonging to certain societies and their way of life. Inclusion and isolation demonstrates our personal identity which portrays who we are. Our perspectives and views are changed depending upon what we belong to. My home is Australia; we are a land bound by sea to show that Australia is a part of her which will never be lost is also shown as her the composer is from a native background (aboriginal). She emphasises on how her and land are one, and it is this affection that had shaped her identity. Belonging in the song My Island Home? which I find is people who had experienced belonging to a place or community. But the song conveys the composer as; these glimpses are obviously not enough to make you feel the same way real belonging makes others feel. The composer shows the barriers she has to overcome like modernisation, family and living far away from the place she belongs to and this belonging is felt by her. The composer shows the importance of belonging by using a reflection question to compare her life in the present time and when she belonged. Will this place ever satisfy me this shows how much she wants to belong again, which portrays her strong love for her place of belonging. The composer only reveals through her dreams how she feels towards belonging. Six years I have lived in the desert, every night i dreamt of the sea shows the identity of the composer since Australia is covered in desert lands ad this shows the connection she has with Australia through her. Ahhh already it has taken so long to type this up for you to read , hope you are bored because you have a lot more to read so stay awake and read it ahah. My second text is on Edward scissor hand by Tim Burton, I was actually going to Life of Pie by Ang Lee but it was quite tough to relate to belong so I went with Edward scissor hands plus I got a bit help my English teacher for this movie so it make my life a bit easier. At the beginning of the film we see that Edward lives alone in a gothic castle. He has been isolated in the castle for an indeterminate time. Below the castle is a small town a close knit community and barely visits the castle, not knowing that Edward lives there. Peg feels sorry for him and decides to take him back to live with her in the town. At first Edward is being treated well because he is a great novelty. No one has ever seen someone like him before and he quickly becomes a celebrity. He is embraced by the townspeople; they think he is very useful with his scissors (haircutting, gardening etc. ) one of the town women thinks he is sexy and tries to seduce him. He refuses and runs away. This incident becomes the catalyst for Edwards’s rejection and alienation from the community. Edwards’s personality consists of innocent, naive, limited social skills, very gentle and very experienced at relationships with people, no idea of sex, manners etc. Other than what his creator taught him from books. He is very trusting until he finds himself he victim of a setup. After things become worse, Edward finds he is a victim and cannot remain in the community. Techniques used to convey the context relevant to belonging is that Edwards’s clothes and appearance is a complete contrast to town’s people. When he first arrives Peg him clothes to wear which he puts on over his own costume. This helps him develop a sense of belonging to the family and the community and reduces his difference to the townspeople. However the fact that he doesn’t remove his clothes indicates that he wants to maintain his identity. Later in the film he becomes angry and feelings of rejection and alienation by the town cause him to rip off. Music is used in a number of ways to show Edwards innocence and purity. His character is linked to Kims in the way music and lighting are used, the haunting they’re music, together with soft/bright lighting plus show plus the slow motion of the camera reinforces the innocence and the nature of their love for each other. At the end of the film, when it becomes impossible for Kim and Edward to belong to each other in a proper relationship. He goes back into the castle and she to the town. All though they cannot belong together physically they will always belong together emotionally. This is shown at the end of the film as Edward continues to make snow from the ice and flashback to the narrator at the child’s bedside. Alright you only got a bit more reading for go so sit back and read the rest and tell me how I went. For my third text I have chosen the picture the island by Armin greder. The picture book, The Island portrays belonging as impossible if there is an ignorant and fearful dominant culture. The book portrays to the responder into almost alienation and new comer into a strongly built and well organized society. The alien is portrayed as thin and white-white and unclothed showing that the new comer is an empty canvas to be painted opinions onto. The new comer is also thin and innocent looking showing how the character is reliant on acceptance to survive. Whilst the dominant society is given the appearance of large, over bearing, they are always portrayed as a collective group portraying their dominance. They are in black clothing, they all appear to look the same- again representing there collectiveness, and they are holding pitch forks portraying their feelings towards the new comer unwelcomed. The dominant society belong together they appear to look the same, and have much of the same views, they have collectively created a community that are dependent on each other and there likeness. The society is well established and fearful of anything that will imbalance its structure and that is different from their social, cultural and historical similarities. The new being does not offer any change, it does not do anything to radicalize the community but just its presence of being different offers physiological fear to the dominant society. The book demonstrates the effect of fear, what it does to a community and the object being feared. Through fear of this unknown the community alienated the unknown, trying to forget its existence when this did not work the community they contemplated integrating the being. But the overbearing fear of the effect the being would have on their system led them to cast out the different being. The being that was submitted to the dominant cultures fear was treated as inferior, become the dominant society did not want the unknown to belong they create a barrier around themselves in fear of the unknown and it defining themselves as exclusive. Because the dominant society was afraid of the unknown they showed ignorance and a lack of open thinking which creates difficulties to them from acceptance and understanding of anything other than their own people. Therefore Belonging is a way of life which characterises us humans and creates our individuality. Due to the complex and abstract nature of the concept of belonging, a true sense of belonging can be found in different circumstances for different people. As each individual has their own desires, needs and values, they find their place in the world and a genuine sense of belonging in various avenues. Many individuals find the strongest sense of belonging through relationships, due to the fact that by nature these connections fulfil the human need for social interaction and enrich the lives of the persons involved.

Water Pollution Essays

Water Pollution Essays Water Pollution Essay Water Pollution Essay Water Pollution Control Ord. (Repealed) 273 The East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Ordinance, 1970 East Pakistan Ord. No. V of 1970 [Published in Dacca Gazette, Extraordinary, dated 23 rd February, 1970] [Repealed by Ord. XIII of 1977] An Ordinance to provide for the control, prevention and abatem ent of pollution of waters of East Pakistan. Whereas it is expedient to provide for the control, prevention and abatement of pollution of waters of East Pakistan; Now, therefore, in pursuance of the Proclamation of the 25th day of March, 1969, read with the Provisional Constitution Order, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Governor is pleased to make and promulgate the following Ordinance:1. Short title, extent and commencement. (1) This Ordinance may be called the East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Ordinance, 1970. (2) (3) It extends to the whole of East Pakistan. It shall come into force at once. 2. Definitions. In this Ordinance, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject of context,(a) â€Å"Board† means the Water pollution Control Board constituted under section 3 of this Ordinance; (b) â€Å"Chairman† means the Chairman of the Board; (c) â€Å"Chief Engineer† means the Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan; (d) â€Å"disposal sys tem† means a system for disposing of wastes, either by surface or underground methods, and includes sewerage systems, treatment works and disposal wells; (e) â€Å"pollution† means such contamination, or other alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any waters, including change in temperature, taste, colour, turbidity, or odour of the waters, or such discharge of any liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substance into any waters as will or is likely to create a nuisance or render such waters harmful, detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other aquatic life ; (f) â€Å"sewerage system† means pipe lines or conduits, pumping stations, and force mains, and all other structures, devices, appurtenances cwi†¡ek AvBb msKjb 274 (g) (h) (i) nd facilities used for collecting or conducting wastes to an ultimate point for treatment or disposal; â€Å"treatment works† means any plant or other works, used for the purpo se or treating, stabilising or holding wastes; â€Å"wastes† means sanitary sewage, industrial discharges and all other liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substances which may pollute or tend to pollute any waters; â€Å"Water† means all waters including all streams, coastal waters, tanks, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, marshes, watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and all other bodies or accumulation of waters, surface or underground, natural or public or private. 3. Constitution of the Board. (1) For carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance, there shall be a Board to be called the East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Board consisting of the following members, namely :(a) the Additional Chief Secretary (Planning and Development) to the Government of East Pakistan, who shall also be the Chairman of the Board ; (b) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Basic Democracies and Local Government Department; (c) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Agricultural Department ; (d) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Commerce and Industries Department ; (e) the Director of Health Services, Government of East Pakistan; (f) the Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan; (g) one person to represent the East Pakistan Water and power Development Authority to be nominated by that Authority; and (h) one person to represent the East Pakistan Inland Water Transport Authority to be nominated by that Authority. (2) The Provincial Government shall appoint an officer of the Directorate of Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan, to be the Secretary of the Board. 4. Meetings of the Board. (1) The meetings of the Board shall be held on such date and at such time and place as the Chairman may direct : Provided that when there is any appeal to the Board under sub-section (2) of section 7, the Board shall meet within fifteen days from the date of such appeal. Water Pollution Control Ord. (Repealed) 275 (2) All meetings of the Board shall be presided over by the Chairman and, in his absence, by a member nominated by him. (3) Three members of the Board shall form a quorum. (4) All matters at a meeting of the Board shall be decided by majority of the votes of the members present. (5) Each member of the Board shall have one vote and in the event of equality of votes the Chairman shall have a casting vote. (6) Proceedings of the meetings of the Board shall be recorded, circulated to its members within a fortnight and submitted for confirmation at next meeting. 5. Functions of the Board. (1) the Board shall (a) formulate policies for the control, prevention and abatement of pollution of waters of East Pakistan; and (b) suggest measures for the implementation of its policies; (2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), the Board may(a) require any person to furnish or cause to be furnished such information as it may specify; (b) call for a report fr om the Chief Engineer on the existing and potential water pollution problems in the whole of East Pakistan or in any part thereof; and (c) appoint such expert committee as it may consider necessary. 6. Implementation of the policies. (1) The Chief Engineer shall be responsible for implementation of the policies formulated by the Board and for adopting or causing to be adopted measures suggested by it. (2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), the Chief Engineer may, by order in writing,(a) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to adopt such measures, including construction, modification, extension or alteration of any disposal system, as may be specified therein for the prevention, control nd abatement of existing or potential pollution of any waters; (b) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to furnish such information as may be specified therein relating to wastes, sewerage system or treatment works in any land or building owned or occupied by such person or undertaking; and (c) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to permit any officer named therein to enter upon, inspect and search any land or building owned or occupied by such person or cwi†¡ek AvBb msKjb 276 undertaking and to inspect and test any wastes, waters, plants, materials or disposal system found therein and to afford all reasonable opportunities to such officer for such inspection, search and test. (3) The Chief Engineer may, by order in writing, delegate all or any of his powers under sub-section (2) to the Project Director, Water Pollution Control Project, who shall exercise the powers so delegated subject to the general control and supervision of the Chief Engineer. 7. Obligation to comply with the order of the Chief Engineer. (1) Where the Chief Engineer makes any order in writing under sub-section (2) of section 6 requiring any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to adopt any measures for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution of any waters or to furnish any information or to permit any officer to enter upon, inspect or search any land or building and to inspect and test any wastes, waters, plant materials or disposal system such person or commercial or industrial undertaking shall, subject to the provision of sub-section (2) comply with such order. (2) any person or commercial or industrial undertaking aggrieved by an order in writing made by the Chief Engineer under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 6 may, within one month from the date of the order, prefer an appeal against such order to the Board and the decision of the Board shall be final. 8. Penalty and procedure. (1) Whoever fails or neglects to comply with any order of the Chief Engineer or, where an appeal is preferred under sub-section (2) of section 7, with the final decision thereon of the Board shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both, and may, in addition, be punishable with a further fine which may extend to twenty rupees for every day of the period during which the failure or negligence continues. (2) No court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Ordinance except on a report in writing of the facts constituting the offence made by the Chief Engineer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf. 9. Offence by commercial or industrial undertakings. Where the person guilty of an offences under this Ordinance is a commercial or industrial undertaking, every owner, director, manager, secretary or other officer or agent thereof shall, unless he proves that he made all efforts and exercised all diligence to prevent the commission of the offence, be deemed to be guilty of such offence. 10. Indemnity. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Board, the Chief Engineer or any o ther person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Ordinance. 11. Power to make rules. The Provincial Government may make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance.

Tsunamis essays

Tsunamis essays All around the world natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tornadoes, and hurricanes, are waiting to strike like a time bomb waiting to explode. Once unleashed, these natural disasters could become deadly. One of natures tremendous natural disasters is the great waves of the mighty ocean. In the past people referred to them as tidal waves a name that is misleading because these great waves are not related to the tides in any way. The Japanese, who have felt the waves destructive power for many generations, gave them the name Tsunami pronounced soo-nahmee. The word Tsunami means harbor wave which references the giant waves ability to penetrate the protected harbors along Japans coast (Koenig, Science). Although these natural disasters are not as common as others, people need to be aware that Tsunamis can be very devastating and destructive, more so than tornados or other storms. People need to educate themselves on how tsunamis are formed, the destruction they ca n cause, and the warning and support centers that have been established before the clock runs out and its too late. Before one can truly understand the devastation and destruction these natural disasters can cause, one must first understand what causes tsunamis and how they are formed. There are many causes of tsunamis such as landslides, volcanoes, eruptions, and explosions, but the most common cause are earthquakes. The relationship between earthquakes and tsunamis has been known for more than 2,000 years ever since the Greek historian Thucydides connected an Aegean Tsunami in 426 B.C. to the quake that preceded it (Koenig, Science). However, in order for a disturbance to generate a tsunami, the disturbance must occur underneath or near the ocean, be extremely large, and cause movement in the seafloor. When earthquakes occur a plate usually plunges dow...

Christmas and New Year Quotes

Christmas and New Year Quotes What do the wise and witty say about Christmas and the New Year? You can use these quotes for inspiration and see who is a kindred spirit. You might want to include one in your holiday greeting cards, social media posts, or family Christmas letter. Reach out to friends or relatives on the other side of the planet and shower them with these caring words. Phillips Brooks Christmas day is a day of joy and charity. May God make you very rich in both. W. J. Cameron There has been only one Christmas- the rest are anniversaries. Sydney Smith Resolve to make at least one person happy every day, and then in ten years you may have made three thousand, six hundred and fifty persons happy, or brightened a small town by your contribution to the fund of general enjoyment. Erma Bombeck Theres nothing sadder in this world than to awake Christmas morning and not be a child. Pat Boone The Christmas spirit love changes hearts and lives. Isabel Currier It is the personal thoughtfulness, the warm human awareness, the reaching out of the self to ones fellow man that makes giving worthy of the Christmas spirit. Patricia Clafford Christmas is a time to expand our giving encompassing the friendless and needy... near and far. Christmas is sharing. Debbie Harry I always work on New Years Eve, no matter what. Charles Lamb No one ever regarded the first of January with indifference. It is that from which all date their time, and count upon what is left. It is the nativity of our common Adam. Edward Payson Powell The old year has gone. Let the dead past bury its own dead. The New Year has taken possession of the clock of time. All hail the duties and possibilities of the coming twelve months! Mark Twain Yesterday, everybody smoked his last cigar, took his last drink and swore his last oath. Today, we are a pious and exemplary community. Thirty days from now, we shall have cast our reformation to the winds and gone to cutting our ancient shortcomings considerably shorter than ever. Buddha There is only one time when it is essential to awaken. That time is now. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin The ills from which we are suffering have their seat in the very foundation of human thought. But today something is happening to the whole structure of human consciousness. A fresh kind of life is starting. Charles Dickens It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. T. S. Eliot For last years words belong to last years language. And next years words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning. Ralph Waldo Emerson Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could; some blunders and absurdities have crept in; forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day; you shall begin it serenely and with too high a spirit to be encumbered with your old nonsense. William Thomas It wouldnt be New Years if I didnt have regrets.

Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis - Article Example The researchers justified the use of qualitative method because they asserted that certain dimensions of nursing errors remain unexplored. They did not explain the philosophical underpinnings of their research method, although they highlighted that they believe that there is enough confusion, ambiguity, and diversity on the definitions and perceptions of medical errors, which warrant the need for more contextual exploration on critical care nursing’s understanding of nursing errors in particular. The researchers explained their purpose sufficiently when they stated that they aimed to explore how critical care nurses perceive nursing error and its causes. They believe that their study is important in providing a specific perspective on what constitutes nursing errors and what factors may cause them. To collect data, the researchers used the qualitative content analysis method which generally uses interviews and other qualitative data collection methods and content analysis in conducting the research. The method is compatible with the purpose of the research because the research necessitates exploratory questions that are more open-ended than close-ended, since the researchers want to know the actual range of perceptions of critical care nurses, and not to test specific models or theories about nursing errors. Moreover, the method adequately addresses the phenomenon of interest since the researchers are interested in knowing what the target subjects think about nursing errors and its causes, so they need to ask open-ended questions to collect answers in an exhaustive manner. In addition, the researchers completed the study using the qualitative content analysis method because they conducted deep, semi-structured interviews that are based on general open-ended questions which can encourage participants to think deeply and extensively about their